Diuretics

Loop diuretics pharmacology nursing review that includes the mechanism of action, side effects, nursing interventions, and patient education.

Loop diuretics mechanism of action is on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. These medications will inhibit the sodium-potassium-chloride (NKCC2) cotransporter. When this cotransporter is inhibited, it will decrease the ions (sodium, potassium, and chloride) reabsorbed into the blood.

In turn, this will decrease sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle (which normally reabsorbs about 25% of sodium) and decrease the tonicity of the medulla, which is normally hypertonic. The end result will be that the collecting ducts and loop of Henle will reabsorb less water back into the blood and more water will leave the nephron as filtrate.

Side effects of loop diuretics include: hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, ototoxicity, metabolic aklaosis, and dehydration.

Loop diuretics are used to treat heart failure, pulmonary edema, hypercalcemia, and liver impairment (due to ascites).

Nursing interventions for loop diuretics: included in the video.

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